A certificated mechanic with a powerplant rating is authorized to perform which inspection?

A certificated mechanic with a powerplant rating is specifically authorized to perform inspections and maintenance related to aircraft powerplants, which includes engines and associated components. The 100-hour inspection is a type of maintenance check that is required for aircraft used for hire and is applicable to the powerplant as well as its components.

Choosing the option regarding the 100-hour inspection on powerplants and components is correct because it directly relates to the mechanic's specific training and certification. This inspection involves checking the functionality and safety of the powerplant, ensuring it meets regulatory standards and operates efficiently.

In contrast, performing an annual inspection on any aircraft requires a different set of qualifications that typically involve both airframe and powerplant knowledge. The option involving the 100-hour inspection on airframe only is misleading, as it neglects the role of the powerplant. Routine maintenance checks are more general and may not specifically pertain to powerplants alone, thus not fully utilizing the specialized skills of a mechanic with a powerplant rating.